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Oparta na bogatej bibliografii arabskiej i opracowaniach naukowych z całego świata analiza wiedzy geograficznej, znajomości kosmografii i astronomii w świecie muzułmańskim w średniowieczu. Arabowie czerpali tę wiedzę m. in. z nauki starożytnej Grecji i Rzymu, ale także z Persji i Indii. Dzięki niej świat, który z powodzeniem wówczas podbijali, nie był dla nich nieodgadnioną zagadką.

“Babbitt” is a book by Sinclair Lewis an American writer. In 1930, he became the first writer from the United States to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature. “Babbitt” is a satirical novel by Sinclair Lewis, about American culture and society that critiques the vacuity of middle class life and the social pressure toward conformity. The controversy provoked by Babbitt was influential in the...

“The Road to Wigan Pier“ is a book by George Orwell, an English novelist, essayist, and journalist. He is best known for the allegorical novella Animal Farm and the dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four. The Road to Wigan Pier is a book by the English writer George Orwell, first published in 1937. The first half of this work documents his sociological investigations of the bleak living conditions...

Al-Ğāhiz, an Arabic scientist of the 9th century, belongs to the thinkers whose participation in and contribution to the development of the world science has not been recognized and appreciated. The great erudite and author of numerous works in various areas formulated, among others, the theory of social communication which may be compared to the late 20th century Mikhail Bakhtin’s theory of...